Manufacture of hook-nails



(No Model.) 4Sheets-Sheet 1 S. TAYLOR. MANUFACTURE OF HOOK NAILS.

No. 421,019. Patented Feb. 11-, 1890.

N PETERS. Phcwlihagnp'wr. Washington, D. C.

(NoModeL) 4 Sheets-Sheet 3.

TAYLOR.

MANUFAOTURE 0F HOOK NAILS.

No. 421,019. 7 Pat-nted'Feb. 11, 1890.

(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 4.

S. TAYLOR. 1 MANUFACTURE OF HOOK NAILS. No. 421,019. Patented Feb.11,1890.

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UNITED STATES ATENT FFICE.

SANSOM TAYLOR, OF PITTSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA.

MANUFACTURE OF HQOK-NA ILS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 421,019, dated February11, 1890.

Application filed October 21,1889. Serial No. 327,653- (No model.)

To aZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, SANsoM TAYLOR, a resident of Pittsburg, in thecounty of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have invented'a new anduseful Improvement in the Mannfacture of Hook-\ ails; and I do herebydeclare the following to be a full, clear, and exact descriptionthereof.

My invention relates to what are known as hook-nailsorgas-pipe nails,these nails being used in large quantities for different purposes, andparticularly for fastening pipes to the beams, girders, or othersupports within houses, its object being to provide a rapidlyoperatingmachine for the manufacture of these nails.

To these ends my invention consists, generally stated, in a machine forforming these nails having cutting-shears corresponding to the blank andadapted to produce the blank from the out plate and bending mechanism inposition to receive the blank from the shears for bending the upperportion of, the blank into hook form, all as will be hereinafter moreparticularly set forth and claimed.

To enable others skilled in the art to practice my invention, I willdescribe the same more fully, referring to the accompanying drawings, inwhich Figure 1 is a top or plan view of said machine, the part of thelever carrying the knife being removed. I Fig. 2 is a longitudinalsection of the machine on the line 2 2, Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is an enlargedsectional view of the shearing-knives and their supports. Fig. 4 is atop View of the stationary shearing-knife, showing the position of theplate when cutting the shoulder on the blank. Fig. 5 is a like view ofthe stationary shearing-knife, showing the position of the plate whensevering the blank from the plate. Figs. 6, 7, and S are perspectiveviews of the bendinganvil in different positions, illustrating thebending of the hook portion of the blank. Figs. 9 and 10 are top views,the stationary shearing-dies being moved so as to illustrate moreclearly the bending of the blank. Fig. 11 is a perspective view showingthe stationary and movable shearing-knives, and Figs.

12 to 16 illustrate different steps of cutting.

the blank from the plate and producing the finished hook-nail.

,Like letters and figures of reference indicate like parts in each.

In forming a hook-nail according to myin- Vent-ion, I employ theordinary plate-iron such as employed in the making of nails, this platebeing rolled to the proper thick ness and the nail-plate being cuttherefrom across the grain, so that the grain runs longitudinally of thewidth of the plate, and as this plate is fed to the machine the grain ofthe metal extends longitudinally of the blanks out from the plate.

The following is a brief description of the method of making the nails:The plate or strip is fed to the machine, so that its end is cut on twolines 2 3, extending toward the center of the plate and connected by arounded portion or ogee curve. At the end of .the plate is first cut ashoulder 5, theknives also cuttingalong the line 10, and thusnecessitating waste of the metal 6, as shown in Fig. 13. The finishednail-blank is then out from the plate, as shown in Fig. 14, by a cut theop posite to that shown in Fig. 12, the metal being out along the lines2 3 4, and severing the finished nail-blank, (shown in Fig. 15,) thisblank having the point 7, shoulder 5, and the strip 8 above theshoulder. The grain of the iron from which the blank is cut extendslongitudinally through the point 7 and the strip 8 as the nail-blank hasbeen cut from the end of the plate, in which the grain runslongitudinally of the width of the plate. The final step in forming thefinished hooknail is to bend the strip 8 over to the desired curve, asshown at 9, Fig. 13, so producing the finished nail, in which the fiberof the hook metal extends longitudinally through the point end 7 andfollows the curvature of the hook end 9.

The machine shown in the drawings is specially constructed for themanufacture of these hook-nails, and I will first describe theconstruction of the machine andthen the operation of forming thehook-nails thereon. The machine is supported on a suitable bed A,resting on suitable legs or standards, and having the front cross-beama, rear crossbeain a, and side cross-beams a On the bed A, mounted onsuitable bearings, is the driving-shaft B, having the crank b therein 7for operating the bending apparatus, as hereinafter described, havingthe crank (Z for operating the lever carrying the movable knife, andhaving the fly-wheel b and driving pulley 6 over which passes the belt DThe lever C, carrying the knife 0, is pivoted at c on the side beams ofthe frame, and'its arm 0' is connected to the crank cl on the drivingshaft B by a link-bar d, which acts to give the necessary reciprocatingmovement to the lever and shearing-knife supported thereon at eachrotation of the main shaft. The shearing-knife e is secured in a box onthe lever C, and its position may be adjusted thereon by means ofscrews, as is usual in nail-machines. Resting upon the frontcrossbeam ais the support for the stationary shearing-knife, this support beingshown at F, and the stationary shearing-knife f being adjusted in itssupport by means of screws, as is usual with the stationary shears ofnailmachines.

Before proceeding to the description of the bending mechanism I willdescribe in particular the shearing mechanism, an enlarged View of theshearing-knives being shown in Fig. 11. The removable shearing-knifeehas a face corresponding to the edge 2 4 3, (shown in Fig. 14,) havingthe shearing-edge 2, extending from the left-hand side of the die towardthe center, the shearing-edge 3, extend in g from the right-hand sidetoward the center, and the curve or ogee edge 4, connecting saidshearing-edges 2 3. The movable knife e has also the square edge 5, forcutting the shoulder 5 on the nail, as illustrated in Fig. 13. The lowerdie f has the edges correspondin g to those of the upper die, having theshearing-edges 2" 3" and the curved shearingedge at" connecting them,and at the lefthand side of the die the extension 5" for cutting theshoulder 5 on the blank. I prefer to form the extension 5" of a separatedie f as shown, thus obtaining the square shoulder and providing a moreeasy grinding of the die. These dies are employed in the mannerillustrated in Figs. at and 5, guides g h being provided on each side ofthe stationary shearing-dies, as shown, the guides g on the left-handside of the shears having an inward extension 9', against which theplate is pressed in cutting the shoulder 011 the blank, as shown in Fig.13, the blank having its edge cut as shown in Fig. 11, being fed alongthe left-hand side over the shearingknife until it strikes the guide gand its extension g, when, as the shearing-knife descends, the shoulders5 will be cut out and the plate sheared along the line 10 by theshearing-faces 5 5" and 2' 2 of the dies, so cutting out the waste metal6. The blank is then drawn over until it strikes the guide 7L and is fedforward, the thickness of the blank being regulated by mechanismhereinafter referred to, so that when the shearing-knife again descendsit will cut the nail-blank from the plate, as shown in Fig. lat, theplate be ing then turned over as in the method of cutting nails, andbeing ready to be again presented to the shearing-knife for cutting theshoulder for the next blank.

I11 order to regulate the thickness of the blank to be cut from theplate, as shown in Fig. 14:, I employ the guide It in the lever C, thisstop-guide extending through a block or roller journaled in the upperpart of the lever O and extending downwardly through the lever back ofthe shear e, the upper end of the stop-guide It being connected to aspring-bar if, the pressure of which is exerted in such a manner as toforce the stop-guide forward, while its movement is regulated by theset-screwk extending through the lever C, near the base thereof. Thelower end or base 1'. of this stop-guide 7.: has the form illustrated inFig. 3, this base extending under the top shearing-knife, while itslower forward portion 1: is backwardly inclined, and as the blank to becut is pushed under the shearing-knife it will strike against thisstop-guide and force it back until the stop-guide strikes the setscrew kthe width of the blank to be out being measured in this way. As shown inFig. 5, this stop-guide 7c has a lip it, against which the shoulder 5 ofthe blank strikes, the stopguide therefore assisting the guide it inholding the blank in line for the last shearing cut. The shearing-knifec has either an extension e secured thereto and extending out above theupper horizontal face i of the base "11 of the stop-guide k, or itisforged with such an extension, so that as the nail is cut from the blankand forces the stop-guide back there is no opportunity for it to passbetween the lower edge of the knife e and the upper edge of the base ofthe stop-guide, the shoulderor extension 6' of the shear and thepressure of the stop-guide holding the blank so that as it is forceddown it will be held in proper line until it enters the seat formedtherein in the stationary bendinganvil L, said seat being shown at Z. Assoon as the blank is carried down into the seat Z in the bending-anvilL, the gripper M grasps the point end of the blank and holds it withsaid seat Z during the operation of bending the hook end of the blank.This gripper M is pivoted at m and is operated by a cam or eccentric mon the shaft B, the cam-box m fitting around the cam and the cam-box andgripper being connected by a bar m". The gripper M is drawn back by aspring n, connected to the gripper by the rod n. The finger m of thegripper extends out in line with the seat 1 in the bending-anvil L andacts to hold the blank in said seat, the top and forward faces of pointend of the blank resting in the seat Z, while the rear face is held bythe finger m of the gripper M, the blank being thus firml y held duringthe bending operation.

I will now describe the construction of the bending mechanism. Thebending-anvil L rests within the support F below the stationary knife f,so that when the blank is carried down by the top knife it is broughtinto line with the seatl of the bending-anvil, as above described. Thisseat Z extends along the face of the bendinganvil and corresponds inshape to the forward edge of the blank, while its upper face extends outhorizontally above the blank and prevents its turning during the bendingoperation. The anvil has also the convex bending-face 19, correspondingin shape to the hook portion to be formed upon theblank, this seat p extending into the body of the anvil, and a recess 13' being formedtherein, into which the bending-die enters when bending the hook end ofthe blank.

Extending'out from the rear face of the front beam of the bed is a lugr, from which a pivot-pin 0' extends upwardly, and on this pin 9' isjournaled the bending mechanism, this mechanism consisting of a die-boxS, pivoted on said pin and carrying the bending-die s, the outer end ofsaid die-box being connected to the strap 25 by a universal joint 15,and the strap 23 being pivoted at its opposite end to a box 25 fittingaround the crank 11 of the driving-shaft B. The movement of the bendingmechanism is such that when 1 the crank is advanced toward the frontbeam the bending-die box S and its die 5 have imparted to them aswinging movement on the pivot 0", this movement causing the bending die3 to pass around the curved face 19 of the bending-anvil and bend thestrip 8 of the blank against said curved face '12, so forming the hookportion of the nail. The bending-face s of the bending-die s is concaveand corresponds in shape to the bending-face on the anvil L, and as itis carried forward its edge enters the recess 19 in the anvil L, so.enabling the apparatus to bend a half-circle or other desired form onthe hook end of the blank.

The operation of such machine in forming hook-nails according to myinvention is as follows: The end of the blank being out, as shown inFig. 12, is fed over the stationary knife f against the guide 9 and itsinward extension g, the edge 2 of the blank extend ing under the knifee, while the plate rests upon the knife f and its extension f. IVhen thecutter descendsfit cuts from the blank a piece 6 (see Fig. 13) and formsthe shoulder 5 on the blank, leaving the edge of the plate out along thelines 3, 4, 5, and 10. The operator then slides the plate over until itstrikes the guide 7b and presses it forward against the stop-guide 7t,which is forced back until it strikes the set-screw and when the knifeagain descends it cuts the plate along the line 2 4 3, Fig. 14, severingfrom the plate a blank such as shown in Fig. 15, having the point end 7,shoulder 5, and upper strip 8. This blank is carried down by themovement of the upper knife or cutter, being held in proper place as itdescends by the pressure of the stop-guide k until it enters the seat Zof the bending-anvil L, when the gripper M advances and grips the pointend of the blank, as shown in Fig. 7, and the cutter and its stop-guiderise out of the way. When held in this position, the strip 8 of theblank extends out beyond the curved face 19 of the around-thebending-die d,'so forming the hook end on the nail and producing the finished nail, which drops through the space to, leaving the machine readyfor the formation of another nail. As soon as the blank has been cutfrom the plate thev plate is turned over, so reversing the relativeposition of the edge 2 4 3 formed by the last out, and so presenting theproper edge of the plate for the cutting of the next blank, as shown inFig. 12, and the operation isrepeated.

The machine is'simple in operation and capable of forming thesehook-nails rapidly and at low cost, and as the nails are formed fromplate metal, which can be rolled in large plates and then sheared intothe nail-plate, the hook-nails can be formed at low cost. At the sametime I am enabled to produce a nail with a driving-shoulder which isclearly defined and gives a wide head for the blows in driving the nail.I am also enabled to produce a cut hook-nail made from plate metal, andtherefore reduced in cost, with the fiber extending longitudinallythrough the point and following the curve of the hook portion, soobtaining the maximum of strength in such a nail.

\Vhat I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent,is-

1. In a machine for forming hook-nails, the combination of shears havingcutting-edges corresponding to the shape of the blank to be cut, abending-face below the shears corresponding to the hook portion of theblank, and a bender moving over said bending-face, substantially as andfor the purposes set forth.

2. In a machine for forming hook-nails, the shear knives havingcontinuous cuttingedges extending the entire length thereof, said edgeshaving straight portions extending from the ends toward the center andcurved portions connecting said straight portions at or near the centerof the knives, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

3. In a machine for forming hook-nails, the combination of the bottomshearing-knife having an edge corresponding to the blank and having anextension 5" at one end thereof, and the top shearing-knife having anedge corresponding to the blank and having the cutting-face 5,substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

- 4. In a machine for forming hook-nails, the combination of the topshearingknife, the bottom shearing-knife having the extension 5", andthe guide g, having the inward ex- .tension 9, substantially as and forthe purposes set forth.

5. In a machine for forming hook-nails, the

combination, with the stationary knife f, of

the movable knife 6, having the shoulder e,

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and the stop-guide it, having the base 1', provided With a horizontaltop face extending under said shoulder e, substantially as and for thepurposes set forth.

0. In a machine for forminghook-nails, the combination of the lever C,the knife 6, secured therein, the stop-guide 70, secured to the pivotedblock is, the spring k connected to the upper end of the stop-guide, andthe set-screw k substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

7. In a machine forforminghook-nails, the combination of theshearing-knives, the stepguide, and the bending-anvil under thestationary knife, and having a seat on its face to receive the cutblank, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

8. In a machine for forminghook-nails, the combination of thebending-anvil L, having the seat Z to receive the cut blank and thebending-face p, and the gripper M, for holding the point end of theblank in the seat Z, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

9. In a machine for forming hook-nails, the combination of theshearing-knives, the bending-anvil under the stationary knife and havinga seat on its face to receive the cut blank, the stop-guide moving withthe reciprocating knife, and the gripper for holding the point end ofthe blank, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

10. In a machine for forming hook-nails, the combination of thebending-anvil L, gripper M, pivot-ed below the anvil and Working againstthe same, cam m cam-box m and bar connecting the cam-box and gripper,substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

11. In a machine for forming hook-nails,

the combination of the bending-anvil L, having the bending-face pthereon, and the pivoted bending-die swinging around said bending-face,substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

12. In a machine for forming hook-nails, the combination of abending-anvil having a bending-face thereon, a gripper acting to holdthe point end of the blank, and a bender acting to force the blankagainst said bending-face, substantially as and for the purposes setforth.

13. In a machine for forming hook-nails, the combination of thebending-anvil having the convex bending-face 1), and the bendingdiepivoted in front of the anvil and having the concave bending-face s,substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

14. In a machine for forming hook-nails, the combination of thebending-anvil having the convex bending-face 19 and recess 1) at theside thereof, and the bending-die pivoted in front of the anvil andswinging into said recess and having the concave bending-face s,substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

15. In a machine for forming hook-nails, the combination of thebending-anvil, the bending-die pivoted in front thereof, thedriving-shaft having a crank therein, and the bar connecting the crankand bending-die, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

In testimony whereof I, the said SANSOM TAYLOR, have hereunto set myhand.

SANSOM TAYLOR. \Vitnesses:

Lanes 1. KAY, J. N. Cooke.

